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Error in transducer orientation: The transducers should make a perfect angle of 60° with respect to the keel or else the speed indicated...

The transmitted pulse has certain power and can go up to a limited depth usually 200 meters. Beyond this depth, the echoes from the...

Doppler Log general formula with only one transducer- A transducer is fitted on the ship’s keel which transmits a beam of acoustic wave...

PRINCIPLE Doppler log is based on the principle of “Doppler Shift Effect”, i.e., apparent change in frequency received (from what was...